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Key terms in Crypto

 Key Terms and Definitions for Every Level of Investor.

  • Cryptocurrency: Digital or virtual currency secured by cryptography.
     
  • Altcoin: Any cryptocurrency other than Bitcoin.
     
  • Token: A digital asset built on an existing blockchain (e.g., ERC-20 on Ethereum).
     
  • Coin: Native currency of a blockchain (e.g., BTC for Bitcoin, ETH for Ethereum).
     
  • Stablecoin: A crypto token pegged to a stable asset (like USD), e.g., USDT, USDC.

  • Blockchain: A decentralized ledger recording all transactions across a network.
     
  • Node: A computer that helps maintain the blockchain by validating transactions.
     
  • Smart Contract: Self-executing code on the blockchain that automates agreements.
     
  • Gas Fees: Transaction fees paid to validators on a blockchain like Ethereum.
     
  • Fork: A change to a blockchain protocol; can be soft (minor) or hard (major split).
     
  • Layer 1 (L1): Base blockchain networks like Bitcoin, Ethereum, Solana.
     
  • Layer 2 (L2): Built on top of L1s to improve speed/cost (e.g., Arbitrum, Optimism).

 

  • Bull Market: Period when prices are rising or expected to rise.
     
  • Bear Market: Period when prices are falling or expected to fall.
     
  • ATH (All-Time High): The highest price ever reached by an asset.
     
  • ATL (All-Time Low): The lowest price ever recorded for an asset.
     
  • Volume: Amount of an asset traded over a period of time.
     
  • Market Cap: Total value of a crypto asset = Price × Circulating Supply.
     
  • Liquidity: How easily an asset can be bought/sold without affecting price.

 

  • HODL: Hold On for Dear Life — long-term holding strategy.
     
  • FOMO: Fear of Missing Out — buying in a panic to catch a trend.
     
  • FUD: Fear, Uncertainty, Doubt — negative sentiment affecting price.
     
  • DCA (Dollar-Cost Averaging): Investing a fixed amount at regular intervals.
     
  • Shorting: Betting that an asset’s price will go down.
     
  • Leverage: Borrowing funds to increase trade size (and risk).
     
  • TA (Technical Analysis): Using price charts and indicators to predict movements.
     
  • RSI (Relative Strength Index): Measures if an asset is overbought or oversold.

  • Retail Investor: Individual trader (non-institutional).
     
  • Whale: A person/entity holding large amounts of crypto.
     
  • First-Time Buyer: A wallet that buys a token for the first time.
     
  • Momentum Trader: Buys based on price trends, hoping they continue.
     
  • Profit Taker: Someone selling to lock in gains.

 

  • Wallet: A tool to store and manage crypto (hot = online, cold = offline).
     
  • Private Key: A secret key that gives access to your wallet — NEVER share.
     
  • Seed Phrase: A series of words used to recover a wallet.
     
  • Custodial Wallet: Controlled by a third party (e.g., exchanges).
     
  • Non-Custodial Wallet: You control the private keys (e.g., MetaMask)

  •   DeFi (Decentralized Finance): Blockchain-based financial services without banks.
     
  • DEX (Decentralized Exchange): Exchange without a central authority (e.g., Uniswap).
     
  • Liquidity Pool: Pooled crypto used to facilitate trading on DEXs.
     
  • Yield Farming: Earning rewards by providing liquidity.
     
  • Staking: Locking up crypto to earn rewards and support network security.
     
  • DAO (Decentralized Autonomous Organization): Community-led project governed by code and votes.

  • NFT (Non-Fungible Token): Unique digital asset (art, collectibles, etc.).
     
  • Minting: Creating a new NFT.
     
  • Floor Price: Lowest price for an NFT in a collection.
     
  • Metadata: Info stored within an NFT (image, traits, etc.).
     
  • Royalties: Creator earnings each time the NFT is resold.
     

  • Whitepaper: A document explaining the purpose, tech, and roadmap of a crypto project.
     
  • Roadmap: A project’s development timeline.
     
  • Tokenomics: Economic structure of a token (supply, use case, incentives).
     
  • Airdrop: Free token distribution to users, usually as promotion or reward.
     

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